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Aerodynamic challenges in span length of suspension bridges

XIANG Haifan, GE Yaojun

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 153-162 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0016-0

摘要： The potential requirement of extreme bridge spans is firstly discussed according to horizontal clearances for navigation and economical construction of deep-water foundation. To ensure the technological feasibility of suspension bridges with longer spans, the static estimation of feasible span length is then made based on current material strength and weight of cables and deck. After the performances of the countermeasures for raising the aerodynamic stability are reviewed, a trial design of a 5 000 m suspension bridge, which is estimated as a reasonable limitation of span length, is finally conducted to respond to the tomorrow s challenge in span length of suspension bridges with the particular aspects, including dynamic stiffness, aerodynamic flutter and aerostatic stability.

关键词： requirement reasonable limitation challenge particular economical construction

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Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 672-694 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0245-x

摘要： Under the ambitious goal of carbon neutralization, photovoltaic (PV)-driven electrolytic hydrogen (PVEH) production is emerging as a promising approach to reduce carbon emission. Considering the intermittence and variability of PV power generation, the deployment of battery energy storage can smoothen the power output. However, the investment cost of battery energy storage is pertinent to non-negligible expenses. Thus, the installation of energy-storage equipment in a PVEH system is a complex trade-off problem. The primary goals of this study are to compare the engineering economics of PVEH systems with and without energy storage, and to explore time nodes when the cost of the former scenario can compete with the latter by factoring the technology learning curve. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is a widely used economic indicator. Represented by seven areas in seven regions of China, results show that the LCOH with and without energy storage is approximately 22.23 and 20.59 yuan/kg in 2020, respectively. In addition, as technology costs drop, the LCOH of a PVEH system with energy storage will be less than that without energy storage in 2030.

关键词： hydrogen off-grid photovoltaic energy storage LCOH engineering economics

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Fused structures for safer and more economical constructions

Yu-Fei WU, Ying-Wu ZHOU, Biao HU, Xiaoxu HUANG, Scott SMITH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 1-9 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0541-7

摘要： Safety margin and construction costs are two conflicting goals for a structure. By providing a fuse in a structure that is triggered at a certain level of over-loading, further increase of loading is prohibited and failure of the structure is changed to a safer mode. As overloading is controlled and a safer failure mode is enforced, a fused structure requires a smaller safety factor thus leading to more economical construction without compromising safety. The use of a fuse will also facilitate safer use of advanced construction materials such as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. In this case, a fuse can transfer the sudden and dangerous failure mode associated with brittle FRP debonding or rupture to a safe and ductile failure mode at the fuse location. This paper introduces a new type of fused structure as well as an associated design philosophy and approach, in addition to examples of engineering applications.

关键词： fused structures structural fuse fiber-reinforced polymer concrete

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生物质原料的组分选择性拆分-功能经济性利用

陈洪章,邱卫华,王岚

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第3期页码 27-36

摘要：

在充分认知生物质原料在化学成分、结构组成、酶解及发酵性能上的不均一性的基础上，提出“组分选择性拆分-功能经济性利用”的生物质炼制新途径，即最大限度保持生物质大分子原有结构、尽可能激活适于酶解组分的生物活性，同时实现中间产物最大价值化。基于生物质原料特性、转化过程和产品要求的关联，笔者创新性地构建了多条生物质炼制产业链，验证了生物质“组分选择性拆分-功能经济性利用”的生物质炼制工业技术体系的可行性、合理性和可靠性。“组分选择性拆分-功能经济性利用”是突围生物质炼制生物燃料、生物材料和生物化学品的经济技术问题的必由之路。

关键词：生物炼制原料不均一性组分选择性拆分-功能经济性利用工业技术体系

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智能制造的技术与经济逻辑

郭朝晖

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第4期页码 97-100 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.016

摘要：

本文针对我国工业企业推进智能制造时面临的困惑，研究了促进相关技术深入应用的方法。通过调研和对比分析发现，企业的困惑本质上是技术的经济性差。推进技术应用的关键是提高技术经济性，而管理落后、质量要求低等问题，往往是制约技术经济性的普遍性原因。要解决技术经济性问题，需要在业务层面制定转型升级的战略目标、面向高质量发展，才能带动技术经济性。将智能制造相关技术用于管理水平的提升、补上企业的短板，也能提高技术经济性。

关键词：智能制造工业互联网工业4.0 赛博空间

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把握生物经济时代精神，实践进步的幸福观

甘自恒

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第2期页码 5-11

摘要：

据预测，2020年，全球将进入以生物技术产业为主导产业的生物经济时代；阐述了生物经济的提出、分类、特征和定义；主张把握生物经济时代精神，实践进步的幸福观；探讨了为什么要强调谋求人民幸福，什么是进步的幸福观，应提倡那些进步的幸福观，以及我国科技界应该怎样实践进步的幸福观。

关键词：生物经济幸福进步的幸福观

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常压核供热——技术现实经济可行的清洁能源

田嘉夫

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第2期页码 74-76

摘要：

为治理城市的燃煤污染和降低二氧化碳的排放量，我国需要开发大型清洁能源。核能是可供选择的清洁能源之一，核能不仅可以用于发电，而且可以替代燃煤为城市供热。在我国现在池式研究堆技术的基础上，设计出的常压供热反应堆，可以满足城市供热的需要，具有高度的安全性和可靠性，是一种技术现实和经济可行的解决方案。在我国发展城市集中供热的条件下，采用这种大型热源，将会以较大的规模来改善大气环境和降低温室气体的排放。

关键词：大气污染温室气体核能供热

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轮轨技术是京沪高速铁路的必然选择——兼论日、德磁浮系统的现状

金履忠

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第7期页码 22-27

摘要：

自1994年以来，多次专家论证均认为，建轮轨式京沪高速铁路是可行的。1999年有三位院士提出，中国不宜发展轮轨列车，而应大力发展磁悬浮列车。文章介绍了三位院士的基本观点。为什么世界上已有近10个国家和地区已建、在建或计划近期建设轮轨式高速铁路运营线，却至今还没有建设一条磁悬浮的运营线？特别是为什么连有长期试验研究经验的日本、德国国内，对发展磁悬浮系统还有不小的争议呢？笔者以为，要害在于磁浮系统的经济效益太差，技术也不完全成熟，这才是决定的因素；磁浮系统除速度比轮轨式较高之外，无论技术上、经济上，与民航及轮轨式高速铁路相比，几乎没有任何优越之处，因此称之为"技术跨越"难以成立。建议：把磁浮系统应用于高速铁路，只宜做跟踪性、可行性研究，不宜花若干亿去建试验线，关键是要尽快批准轮轨式京沪高速铁路立项上马。

关键词：高速铁路技术经济比较轮轨铁路磁浮技术

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经济供电半径的Fuzzy几何规划模型与优选方法

曹炳元

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第3期页码 52-55

摘要：

变电所供电半径的选择是一个复杂的问题。为了确定最佳供电半径，减少投资，降低损耗，建立了Fuzzy环境下的变电所供电半径选择的几何规划模型。它包括软约束问题和含Fuzzy系数的问题。通过数值实例的计算，验证所建立的模型，与静态和动态的优化数学模型如控制模型和经典几何规划模型相比较，包含更多的信息，且获得了更满意的结果。

关键词： Fuzzy几何规划经济供电半径优选变电所容(数)量

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Analyzing sustainability of construction equipment in the state of California

Hakob AVETISYAN, Miroslaw SKIBNIEWSKI, Mohammad MOZAFFARPOUR

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 138-145 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017013

摘要： Construction equipment encompasses highly polluting machines adversely affecting the environment. Management tools are necessary for sustainability assessment of construction equipment fleets to allow contractors to reduce their emissions and comply with local or federal regulations. In addition to management tools, there is a need for a metrics that will allow companies to accurately assess the sustainability of their construction equipment fleets. The State of California USA is adopting innovative approaches to reduce adverse impact of humans on the environment. Once successfully implemented, the chances are that such practices attract other states to adopt similar approaches. This paper presents an evaluation of construction equipment fleets and data analysis. When measured and recorded, such results can be used along with decision-support tools for selection and utilization of construction equipment. The metrics for construction equipment evaluation as well as the tool for sustainable decision-making are developed based on readily available data from manufacturers or maintenance shops without a need for additional effort by contractors or government agencies for their adoption. The metrics developed and the decision support tool incorporate logical strategies of supply chain management for optimal selection of construction equipment for construction site while taking into account the availability, cost, and mobilization related constraints. The metrics and the model can benefit both the government agencies responsible for inspection of fleets and owners of construction companies in their decision-making processes related to environmental sustainability.

关键词： Construction equipment greenhouse gas emissions sustainability index sustainable construction

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Is servitization of construction the inevitable choice of Internet Plus construction?

Hongwei WANG, Dian LIU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 229-230 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017104

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粒子群优化算法在水文科学中的应用进展

董前进,曹广晶,王先甲,戴会超,赵云发

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第1期页码 81-85

摘要：

介绍了粒子群算法的标准算法及流程，探讨了粒子群算法在水库优化调度、水电站经济运行、参数优选等水文领域中的研究成果和存在的问题，指出未来应该加强粒子群算法改进机理和收敛性能的研究，并与其他算法技术相比较、结合，拓展其在水文科学领域的应用范围，为解决水文领域中大量优化问题提供新途径。

关键词：水文科学粒子群优化算法优化调度经济运行

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A review of metro construction in China: Organization, market, cost, safety and schedule

Lieyun DING, Jie XU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 4-19 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017015

摘要： China is now in an era of large-scale metro construction. This paper reviews the nature of Chinese metro engineering with a specific focus on its organization and market mode, cost structure, safety control and schedule management. Then, an examination on recent research in metro engineering of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is also conducted, which indicates that information and automation based technologies are increasingly used in practice.

关键词： metro engineering construction status construction challenges NSFC

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Smart construction site in mega construction projects: A case study on island tunneling project of Hong

Hongtao ZHOU, Hongwei WANG, Wei ZENG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 78-87 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018075

摘要： The construction sites of mega construction projects (MCP) often have numerous participants with interfacing work within a highly complex system. It is critical how to realize collaborative work and information sharing among such participants. The information and communication technologies (ICTs) provides a technical guarantee for solving this problem. Existing research has been achieved the partial processes digitization of construction site, but certain problems still exist: 1)information perception of the construction site is passive. 2) common collaboration and coordination problems in the construction industry have not been addressed. The emerging trends of ICTs have resulted in the integration of various computer technologies such as CPS, BIM, big data, and cloud computing into construction process, which would changes behavioral and management mode of construction sites. These new ICTs have been applied successfully in MCP, in particular, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project. A new management mode of construction sites is inspired by these case. In this paper, a new management mode of construction site for MCP has been proposed, namely, smart construction site. The ultimate goal of smart construction site is to accomplish safe, efficient and high-quality construction. This study put forward the conceptual framework for smart construction site, and have identified three key elements of smart construction site, including information support platform, collaboration work, and intelligent construction management. A case study on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project work as an evidence to support the practicability of the proposed mode. Significant contributions of this study is to propose a new management mode for MCP in construction industry, which would enrich the body of knowledge or the construction management community. Future research should be dedicated to further explore the potential of smart construction site in MCP management.

关键词： mega construction projects smart construction site information perception collaborative work intelligent construction management information and communication technologies

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Risks of modular integrated construction: A review and future research directions

Ibrahim Yahaya WUNI, Geoffrey Qiping SHEN, Bon-Gang HWANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 63-80 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0059-7

摘要： Stakeholders remain skeptical in adopting modular integrated construction (MiC) because of the associated risks and uncertainties, although its benefits have been extensively documented. The unique business model of MiC nurtures several risks and uncertainties different from those of the conventional construction approach. Despite the growing attention on MiC with its market expansion, no systematic evaluation is in place to monitor its risks research progress. Accordingly, this research reviewed published literature addressing the risks associated with MiC from 1992 to 2019. Analysis reveals that the research publications on risks of MiC witnessed a steady growth, with considerable progress occurring in the last decade. Result implies that the risk of MiC has gained extra attention in the construction engineering and management domain in recent times. Existing empirical studies have focused heavily on perceived implementation risks, supply chain risks, schedule risks, investment risks, structural risks, ergonomic risks, and MiC risk management strategies, which indicate that MiC is associated with a host of risk events. The research further identified the critical risk events (CREs) in the application of MiC based on frequency of occurrence. The identified CREs contributes to the checklists of risk events in the implementation of offsite construction (OSC). The latter may be useful in risk planning, especially where the MiC is less developed, and fewer or no bespoke risk assessment exists. Research gaps in existing studies are highlighted in this research, and areas for further studies are then proposed. Thus, it makes a useful contribution to the scholarly literature on the risk of OSC and may prove useful to offsite construction researchers, industry practitioners, and project managers.

关键词： modular integrated construction off-site construction risk events review